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The production equipment is moved by pre-programmed software and code in this computerized manufacturing process. The use of complicated machinery such as grinders, lathes, and turning mills to cut, shape, and produce various components and prototypes is controlled by CNC machining.
CNC machining also uses 3D modeling software to create a virtual image of what is to be produced. Designers then use this information to create tool paths for the CNC machine. This tool path consists of a series of code that tells the machine how, where, and when to make each cut. Some CNC machines can be programmed in multiple ways, so designers can choose among various machining techniques based on the project’s needs.
CNC machines come in eight different varieties: mills, routers, plasma cutters, lathes, laser cutters, water jet cutters, electrical discharge machines (EDM), grinders, and water jet cutters. CNC machines are tools that cut or move material in accordance with the above-described controller programming. Plasma cutting, laser cutting, milling, routing, and lathes are just a few examples of the several types of cutting. On an assembly line, CNC machines may even pick up and move objects.
The machine control language, often known as M code or G code, governs the entire program. M code governs the machine’s activities, whereas G commands define positions. Although M stands for many codes, some people refer to it as machine code because it manages specific equipment functions.
The purpose of programming and tool paths is to achieve consistency and accuracy by repetitively performing key processes that are needed for each component. For example, when building an automobile frame, it is important that all holes are drilled at identical spots so all components fit together properly. Using this same example, computerized machining would ensure that the holes are drilled and cut accurately in each component.
Programming the CNC machine is a very advanced skill that involves understanding the differences between programming languages and data types. There are various software programs and equipment to download, install, configure, and operate their machines. The most common programming language used is G-Code which uses parallel axes and commands issued at specific speeds. Programming terminology varies with each type of machine being used.
Examples of other programming languages include Pro/ENGINEER which is more commonly used for more basic projects (such as machining models) than G-Code production (which can be used to create CAD images).
CNC machining software programs serve to control the movement of the CNC machine and allow users to program autonomous parts into their system in order to create a production line that is able to produce parts quickly and efficiently.
The following are some of the advanced features that can be found in these types of software:
The distinction between conventional programming languages, like C++, Java and Lisp, and G-Code is that the G-Code operates on an actual physical machine. Conventional programming languages are executed on a computer, whereas the G-Code is actually translated into machine movements.
Below is an example of a Computer Aided Design (CAD) file that was created using 3D modeling software. The designers used this program to create a virtual image of what they wanted to produce. This virtual image was then used to create the G-Code to control the CNC machine. A CAD file viewer such as G-CAD can be used to construct a model from any CAD object and import them into the software for use in creating an actual 3D product with CNC machining.
